Two. Common problems and treatment methods for detailed design of steel structure

2.1详图设计前期准备工作

2.1 preparatory work for the design of detailed drawings

无论是采用3D建模的软件还是Autocad软件，最终图纸的审核还是由技术人员控制，笔者根据多年工作经验，通过以下方面的预先控制可较好保证详图的准确性。

Whether 3D modeling software or Autocad software is used, the final blueprint is controlled by technical personnel. Based on many years of work experience, the author can better ensure the accuracy of detail drawings through pre control in the following aspects.

2.1.1 拿到设计图纸首先应仔细理解设计者的意图，对设计图的理解包含两个方面，一是对设计概念性的理解，二是考虑把设计图纸转化为实际构件制作过程中的复杂程度和可行性考量，钢结构设计图多由钢结构设计软件（PKPM，3D3S等）设计而成，并自动生成设计图纸，有些设计人员经验不足，设计中常出现一些问题：如一个工程材料规格、种类很多，还有一些不常用、不易采购的材料，遇到这些问题应及时提出材料代用申请，防止对工程的一些不必要的浪费；还有一些节点设计不合理或难以实现，或设计图技术要求中过低、过高或多余条款，遇到这些问题应及时与设计人员沟通，探讨进行适当的变更，改善工艺性，以便下步制作顺利进行。

2.1.1 get the design drawings should carefully understand the intention of the designer, to design the understanding includes two aspects, one is the design of conceptual understanding, the two is to consider the design drawings into the complexity and feasibility of fabrication process in consideration of steel structure design by steel structure design software (PKPM 3D3S, etc.) is designed, and automatic generation of design drawings, some designers lack of experience, there are some problems in the design of many engineering materials such as a specification, type, and some are not commonly used, not easy to buy materials, these problems should be put forward for material substitution timely, to prevent unnecessary waste engineering; some node design unreasonable or difficult to achieve, or too low, the design requirements in high or extra terms, these problems should be timely Communicate with the designer, explore the appropriate changes, improve the craft, so that the next step is made smoothly.

2.1.2 其次编制合理绘图计划，详图设计工作应与施工组织紧密配合，特别是大型钢结构项目，应根据施工进度安排进行详图设计、组织材料采购、生产、成品发运，不应出现土建施工与钢结构安装干涉、或构件到场不配套，无法安装或到场构件不能安装成一个稳定体系，造成安全隐患，如有的施工单位在安装中因钢梁、系杆、支撑、檩条未运至现场，为赶进度仅安装独立钢柱，且没有采取揽风绳等完善的安全保障措施，极易发生在突发强风荷载作用下的钢柱扭断破坏事故。

2.1.2 is the second compilation reasonable drawing program, detailed design work should work closely with the construction organization, especially the large steel structure project, according to the construction schedule of detail design, material procurement, production organization, product delivery, there should not be a civil construction and installation of steel structure or component to interference, is not complete, can not be installed or the scene the component cannot be installed into a stable system, causing potential safety problems, such as some construction units in the installation for steel beams, tie bar, support, purlin not transported to the site, to catch the schedule only to install a separate steel column, and no security measures taken to improve the hawser, damage accidents occur easily in a sudden gale under the load of steel column is broken.